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La famille de John Playford prend racine dans la r\u00e9gion de Norwich \u00e0 l’Est de l’Angleterre. Les Playford travaillent dans la vente et l’\u00e9dition du livre, en particulier les livres scientifiques et musicaux. C’est une famille consid\u00e9r\u00e9e qui porte blason et qui a des liens avec l’\u00c9cosse.<\/p>\n
\u00c0 la mort de son p\u00e8re, en 1639, le John Playford qui nous occupe a 17 ans. Il part tenter sa chance \u00e0 Londres et il devient l’apprenti d’un certain Benson, pendant sept ans. En 1647, il ouvre une boutique pr\u00e8s de Temple Church, qui va vite devenir le haut lieu de l’\u00e9dition musicale de la capitale.<\/p>\n
John Playford\u2019s family stemmed from the Norwich area, the eastern part of England. The Playfords sold and published books, in particular in the field of science and music. It was a family of good fame, with a coat of arms and links with Scotland.<\/p>\n
When his father died in 1639, the John Playford that interests us was 17 years old. He went up to London to try his luck and served a 7-year apprenticeship with a Mr Benson. In 1647 he opened a shop near Temple Church; the shop soon became London\u2019s hub for music publishing.<\/p>\n
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Peu de temps apr\u00e8s avoir publi\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition du \u00abDancing Master\u00bb (enregistr\u00e9e et soumise \u00e0 la draconienne censure de Cromwell le 7 novembre 1650 et publi\u00e9e en mars 1651), Playford se marie avec la fille d’\u00e9diteurs d’ouvrages de th\u00e9ologie et de politique. Ayant h\u00e9rit\u00e9 de son p\u00e8re, madame Playford fera l’acquisition d’une grande maison qu’elle transformera en \u00e9cole, jusqu’\u00e0 sa mort en 1679.<\/p>\n
Playford confie l’impression de la 6\u00e8me et de la 7\u00e8me \u00e9dition du \u00ab Dancing Master \u00bb \u00e0 son neveu. Ce sont les derni\u00e8res \u00e0 \u00eatre \u00e9dit\u00e9es sous son nom. En 1684, John Playford passe la main \u00e0 son fils Henry. Il meurt 2 ans plus tard, respect\u00e9 de tous. Purcell compose une \u00e9l\u00e9gie pour celui qui aura \u00e9t\u00e9 son ami et son \u00e9diteur.<\/p>\n
Henry Playford conduira les \u00e9ditions du \u00ab Dancing Master \u00bb \u00e0 partir de la 8\u00e8me en 1690, et jusqu’\u00e0 sa mort en 1706. Il va beaucoup renouveler le mat\u00e9riel chor\u00e9graphique des \u00e9ditions dont il aura la charge, en renon\u00e7ant \u00e0 beaucoup de danses publi\u00e9es par son p\u00e8re afin d’en privil\u00e9gier de nouvelles plus conformes aux go\u00fbts du jour et aux exigences d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui a d\u00e9j\u00e0 beaucoup chang\u00e9. C’est John Young, un luthier, qui publiera les derni\u00e8res \u00e9ditions, lesquelles font figure de m\u00e9moire de la contredanse.<\/p>\n
Au fil du temps, les \u00e9ditions vont pas mal se transformer, et notamment la musique deviendra plus lisible : dans la 1\u00e8re \u00e9dition, beaucoup de m\u00e9lodies ne pr\u00e9sentent pas de barres de mesure. Elles sont propos\u00e9es pour la viole. Mais d\u00e8s la 3\u00e8me \u00e9dition, les m\u00e9lodies sont mesur\u00e9es et transpos\u00e9es pour le violon. Dans la 11\u00e8me \u00e9dition, en 1701, la musique est \u00e9crite \u00e0 l’aide de \u00ab nouveaux caract\u00e8res \u00bb : les croches sont reli\u00e9es et les notes sont rondes et non plus losangiques.<\/p>\n
Pour illustrer ces transformations, nous reproduisons ci-dessous diff\u00e9rentes versions de la danse \u00ab Cuckolds all arrow \u00bb. Cette \u00ab vieille danse Anglaise \u00bb r\u00e9clam\u00e9e par le roi Charles II au bal de Whitehall du 31 d\u00e9cembre 1662 devant Samuel Pepys qui relatera la soir\u00e9e dans son journal, sera publi\u00e9e dans toutes les \u00e9ditions successives, alors que \u00ab Rufty Tufty \u00bb, autre carr\u00e9 pour deux couples, sera abandonn\u00e9 d\u00e8s la 2\u00e8me \u00e9dition !<\/p>\n
Samuel Pepys, qui jouait du flageolet, de la viole de gambe, du luth, du th\u00e9orbe, du clavecin et qui, pardessus tout, adorait chanter, connaissait bien John Playford, comme tous les m\u00e9lomanes londoniens de cette \u00e9poque. Le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre diariste le mentionne plusieurs fois dans son journal : c’est chez lui qu’il achetait les derni\u00e8res partitions de Henry Lawes, Christopher Simpson, Matthew Locke et Henry Purcell.<\/p>\n
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Livres imprim\u00e9s et vendus par Henry Playford.<\/p>\n
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Sur les trois reproductions suivantes,
\non peut voir l\u2019\u00e9volution de la table des symboles utilis\u00e9s par Playford<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0L\u2019\u00e9volution de la partition musicale de<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00ab Cuckolds all a row \u00bb, de la 1\u00e8re \u00e0 la 17\u00e8me \u00e9dition :<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/strong> Shortly after publishing the first edition of his \u00ab\u00a0Dancing Master\u00a0\u00bb (registered and submitted to Cromwell\u2019s harsh censure on November 7, 1650, published in 1651), John Playford \u00a0married the daughter of publishers of theological and political books. Mrs Playford, with money inherited from her father, bought a large house that she later converted into a school and worked in up to her death in 1679.<\/p>\n Playford delegated the printing of the 6th and 7th edition of the \u00ab\u00a0Dancing Master\u00a0\u00bb to his nephew \u2013 they are the last to have been published under his own name. In 1684 John Playford handed over the business to his son Henry. He died two years later, held in high regard by all. Purcell wrote an elegy for his departed friend and publisher.<\/p>\n Henry Playford carried through the editions of the \u201cDancing Master\u201d from 1690 (8th<\/sup> edition) until his death in 1706. He brought about a renewal of the dances, leaving out many of those published by his father to introduce new ones better suited to the fashion of the day and the mores of an already deeply changed society. The last editions were the work of lute-maker John Young and appear as a memory of country dancing.<\/p>\n Many changes occurred in later editions, in particular the musical notation became more accurate (many melodies in the 1st<\/sup> edition are noted without bars); they are given for the viola but as early as the 3rd<\/sup> edition the tunes include measures and are written for the violin. In the 11th<\/sup> edition in 1701 the music is printed using \u201cnew fonts\u201d, with linked quavers and round, instead of diamond-shaped, notes.<\/p>\n In order to illustrate this point we show below various versions of the dance \u00abCuckolds all arrow \u00bb. This \u00a0\u201colde English dance\u201d King Charles II asked for at the Whitehall Ball on December 31, 1662 in front of Samuel Pepys who mentioned it in his diary, is to be found in all successive editions, while another square for two couples, \u201cRufty Tufty\u201d, vanishes as early as the 2nd<\/sup> edition!<\/p>\n Samuel Pepys, who could play the flageolet, viola, lute, theorbo and harpsichord and, above all, loved singing, knew John Playford, just as all London music lovers then did. He mentions him several times in his famous diaries. He used to purchase the latest music scores by Henry Lawes, Christopher Simpson, Matthew Locke and Henry Purcell at his shop.<\/p>\n Books printed and sold by Henry Playford.<\/p>\n ********<\/p>\n The three following facsimiles<\/p>\n show how the symbol tables used by Playford changed over time<\/p>\n Evolution of the music score of<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00ab Cuckolds all a row \u00bb, from edition 1 to 17<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" La famille de John Playford prend racine dans la r\u00e9gion de Norwich \u00e0 l’Est de l’Angleterre. Les Playford travaillent dans la vente et l’\u00e9dition du livre, en particulier les livres scientifiques et musicaux. C’est une famille consid\u00e9r\u00e9e qui porte blason et qui a des liens avec l’\u00c9cosse. \u00c0 la mort de son p\u00e8re, en 1639, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-histoire"],"yoast_head":"\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/chestnut.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/web_article2_Character-set_1.jpg\" "\\"web_article2_Character")
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